Model
Fixed for every unit of a model: chemistry, nominal capacity and voltage, the carbon-footprint class, the spec sheet a buyer compares.
Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 · Article 77 · Passport from 18 Feb 2027
The battery passport is the first DPP to bind.
Chemistry, carbon, sourcing, recycled content, a living state of health. Born between a mine and a module, ending in one passport. One for every battery you sell. From February 2027, you can't place it without one.
The problem
Born in the ground. Owed at the pack.
One EV battery is a mine, a refiner, a cell line and a pack plant, strung across three continents. Each holds one slice: the cobalt's origin, the cell's carbon, the plant's recycled share, the pack's living state of health. From 18 February 2027 the law wants all of it, per individual battery, and it sends the bill to the last name on the pack.
The producer sees the pack. The cell's carbon, the refiner's mix, the mine's origin: all of it stays upstream. No shared record. Just certificates, re-typed into every buyer's portal.
80+mandatory data attributes behind a single EV battery
4access points Annex XIII writes into one record
6ISO/IEC 15459 parts the unique identifier must meet
0of it shares one system today. It rides certificates and spreadsheets
All information in the battery passport shall be based on open standards, in an interoperable format, transferable without vendor lock-in, machine-readable, structured and searchable.
Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 · Article 77(5)The flow
One passport, assembled across the chain.
The law asks one company for a record it doesn't hold. Bindu builds it in seven moves.
01 · Ask
Ask each tier for the one field it holds.
Bindu reaches every party, pack plant down to the mine, and asks for one field in the format they already keep it.
cell chemistrycarbon activity datarecycled %mine of origintest report
02 · Normalise
Turn certificates and spreadsheets into identifiers.
Every answer maps onto the Catena-X Battery Pass aspect model. Nobody re-keys the same mill certificate into ten portals again.
ISO/IEC 15459 UIDBPNL partyGS1 Digital Linkbattery_pass 6.0.0
03 · Verify
Recalculate. Don't just trust.
Gates recompute what the law lets authorities recompute: the carbon footprint per kWh, the recycled-content share, the due-diligence coverage. Third-party reports attach where Articles 8 and 48 demand them.
CO₂e / kWhrecycled sharedue-diligence reportPEF method
04 · Assemble
Fill the seven content clusters.
The Battery Pass consortium's seven buckets: general info, compliance, carbon, due diligence, materials, circularity, performance. Each field placed at model, batch or unit.
generalcarbonmaterialscircularityperformance
05 · Register
One identifier to Brussels. The data stays yours.
The unique identifier goes to the EU Central DPP Registry, live 19 July 2026. The content stays with you, or your passport service provider. Nothing sensitive sits on an EU server.
UID → EU Registrydecentralised contentno vendor lock-in
06 · Carrier
Engrave a link that outlives the battery.
Mint the QR to ISO/IEC 18004 and print or laser it on the case, legible for the battery's whole life. It still resolves after resale, repurposing and years of wear.
QR · ISO/IEC 18004on the caselife of the battery
07 · Publish
One record, four doors.
It goes live with four doors: public for buyers, dismantling for recyclers, authority for surveillance, live-unit for owners and second-life operators. Verifiable credentials hold each line.
PublicDismantlingAuthorityLive unit
The scan
Scan the case. Read its whole life.
A buyer, a recycler, a surveillance officer, the battery's next owner. One record, a different door for each. Pick a door. Watch the fields change.
Bindu passport · UID
PublicUnique battery identifier
PublicManufacturer identity
PublicPlace & date of manufacture
PublicBattery category & model
PublicBattery chemistry
PublicCritical raw materials over 0.1%
PublicHazardous substances
PublicCarbon footprint & performance class
PublicResponsible-sourcing report
PublicRecycled content: Co · Pb · Li · Ni
PublicShare of renewable content
PublicRated capacity (Ah)
PublicNominal, min & max voltage
PublicExpected lifetime in cycles
PublicRound-trip efficiency
PublicTemperature range withstood
PublicCommercial warranty period
PublicEU declaration of conformity
Legit. interestDetailed cathode, anode & electrolyte composition
Legit. interestComponent part numbers
Legit. interestSpare-part sources & contacts
Legit. interestExploded pack diagrams
Legit. interestDisassembly sequence
Legit. interestFastening types & count
Legit. interestTools required to dismantle
Legit. interestSafety measures
AuthorityTest reports proving compliance
AuthorityAnnex IV performance test results
AuthorityDelegated-act conformity evidence
Legit. interestState of health
Legit. interestState of charge
Legit. interestRemaining capacity & capacity fade
Legit. interestFull charge-discharge cycle count
Legit. interestStatus: original → repurposed → waste
Legit. interestNegative events & accidents
Legit. interestOperating temperature history
Static, model data is public. The living, per-unit data opens only to a legitimate interest. Verifiable credentials hold each door; a shopper never sees the recycler's view.
Granularity
Model, batch, or unit?
A garment can pass with a batch number. A battery can't. The passport goes all the way down, one per individual unit, and the living data belongs to that single cell.
Batch
What changes run to run: the plant and date of manufacture, the recycled-content share, calculated per model, per plant, per year.
Unit
A unique identifier on every individual battery, its QR engraved on the case, and a living record: state of health, cycle count, status, the events it survives.
Recycled content, wave one. Already law.
Art. 8(2) · per model, per plant, per year · from 18 Aug 2031Wave two lifts them from 18 August 2036: cobalt 26%, lithium 12%, nickel 15%, lead held at 85%. You can only prove a recycled share you can trace to the plant that made the cell.
The calendar
The dates are already set.
The passport binds on 18 February 2027, per unit. Around it, the feeder obligations switch on one by one. The carbon-footprint deadlines are the moving part: each lands only after a delegated act still pending. Everything else here is fixed, and 2027 is close.
18 Aug 2024
State-of-health and expected-lifetime data must live in the battery management system of stationary storage, LMT and EV batteries, with read-only access for owners and independent operators (Article 14).
18 Aug 2025
The separate-collection symbol becomes mandatory and Directive 2006/66/EC is repealed. Member-State penalty regimes fall due.
19 Jul 2026
The EU Central DPP Registry goes live: the authoritative lookup that holds every battery's unique identifier, while the record itself stays with the operator.
18 Aug 2026
General-info and capacity labels apply. The Commission must define, by implementing act, who counts as a person with a 'legitimate interest' (Article 77(9)).
18 Feb 2027Hard date
The QR appears on every battery and the passport goes live, per individual unit, for EVs, industrial batteries over 2 kWh and LMT batteries.
18 Aug 2027
Supply-chain due diligence on cobalt, natural graphite, lithium and nickel applies to operators above EUR 40m net turnover, third-party verified and reported into the passport. Postponed from 2025 by Regulation (EU) 2025/1561.
18 Aug 2031Hard date
Recycled-content floors, wave one: 16% cobalt, 85% lead, 6% lithium, 6% nickel, calculated per model, per plant, per year.
18 Aug 2036
Wave two lifts the floors, cobalt 26%, lithium 12%, nickel 15%, and LMT batteries join the recycled-content regime.
The loop
The passport outlives the sale.
End of life is where the battery passport pays for itself. It is also where the data has always gone dark.
A recycler pulling apart a pack needs the chemistry, the joints and the hazards before the first cut, not after. State of health decides whether a used pack gets a second life or goes straight to shredding. One record survives resale, repurposing and years of wear, and still names every cell. The passport.
- chemistry unknown
- no disassembly map
- hidden hazards
- unknown state of health
- worn labels
Materials the recycler must recover.
by 31 Dec 2031 · Reg (EU) 2023/1542 Annex XIIBy end 2027 the floors are lower: lithium 50%, the rest 90%. Those recovered grams feed the recycled-content minima, and the passport tells the recycler which chemistry it is pulling apart.
How it's built
We didn't invent the plumbing.
Bindu runs on Eclipse Tractus-X, the open-source stack behind Catena-X, the automotive dataspace where the battery passport was one of the first live use cases. Its building blocks are KITs, “Keep It Together”. Pick one to see the job it does.
Circular economy
Eco Pass
The Digital Product Passport blueprint. Its Battery Pass aspect model, battery_pass 6.0.0, is built directly on Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, and the reference viewer resolves the QR to a public or restricted view.
- Battery Pass aspect model
- QR data carrier
- Public + restricted views
Who files it
You place it on the market. Bindu carries the proof.
Article 77 lets the operator authorise another party, in writing, to keep the passport accurate and up to date. That is the job Bindu was built for. The unglamorous guarantees are where you win it.
Per unitone passport for every individual battery
Life of the cellkept and reachable until it's recycled
Free to readno charge for anyone within their rights
Donor lineagerepurposed packs linked to every donor
Survives youreachable even if the operator ceases
The detail · Battery passport
The battery passport is the first Digital Product Passport (DPP) to become mandatory. Under Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, Article 77, from 18 February 2027 every EV, LMT, and larger industrial battery placed on the EU market must carry an electronic passport — reachable by a QR code — that holds its identity, materials, carbon footprint, and recycling data.
Key dates under the EU Batteries Regulation (2023/1542).
| Date | What happens |
|---|---|
| 18 Feb 2027 | Battery passport becomes mandatory for in-scope batteries — one passport per unit. |
| 18 Aug 2028 | Supply-chain due-diligence obligations widen (phase-in dates; verify against EUR-Lex). |
| 2031 → 2036 | Minimum recycled-content thresholds tighten in two steps. |
What the passport carries (Annex XIII)
- Battery identity & model
- Composition & materials
- Carbon footprint
- Recycled-content shares
- Performance & durability
- Supply-chain due diligence
- Dismantling & recycling
Which batteries need a passport?
Three categories: electric-vehicle (EV) batteries, LMT batteries (light means of transport — e-bikes, e-scooters), and industrial batteries with a capacity above 2 kWh. The passport is issued per individual battery, not per model, so each unit carries its own record and QR code. Portable consumer batteries (AA cells and the like) are outside the passport requirement.
What data does a battery passport contain?
The content is defined by Annex XIIIand spans the battery's whole life: identity and model, chemistry and materials, the carbon-footprint declaration, recycled-content shares for cobalt, lithium, nickel, and lead, state-of-health and performance data, and dismantling and recycling information.
Not everything is public. Data sits in access tiers: some fields are open to anyone who scans the QR code, some to people with a legitimate interest and the Commission, and some to notified bodies and market-surveillance authorities. See the full Annex XIII data breakdown for what sits in each bucket.
What are the recycled-content rules?
Industrial, EV, and SLI batteries with internal storage must declare recycled content and then hit rising minimum shares. The first thresholds apply from 2031 and a second, higher set from 2036, covering cobalt, lithium, nickel, and lead. The passport is where those figures are declared and checked, which is why the data model treats recycled content as a first-class field rather than a footnote.
Is the battery passport the same as a Digital Product Passport?
Yes — it is the first DPP to take effect. The wider Digital Product Passport framework comes from the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR), Regulation (EU) 2024/1781, which will extend passports to textiles and other categories. The battery passport runs on its own legal base (the Batteries Regulation) but is the template everyone else is watching: same idea (a scannable, structured product record), same direction of travel.
Sources
- Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 (EU Batteries Regulation) — full text on EUR-Lex
- European Commission — EU batteries and the battery passport
- Battery Pass consortium — Annex XIII data content guidance
Last reviewed 11 July 2026